Cognitive and Psychosocial Development During Adolescence

Cognitive and Psychosocial Development During Adolescence Cognitive Development of Adolescents Adolescence is considered as a stage wherein a person transitions into an adult (Green Peal, 2010). At this stage, the person experiences significant changes not only in the physical aspect, but also in the cognitive aspect. As the study about adolescent cognitive development have been conducted by the Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget. In his theory of cognitive development, Piaget proposed that the mental capability of children develops with age. According to Piaget, there are four major stages of cognitive development wherein children can be classified into. Children between the ages 0 to 2 years old are classified under the sensorimotor stage. At this stage, learning occurs through a trial and error process (Grossniklaus, Smith, Wood, 2011). The second stage of Piaget’s cognitive development is what he calls as the preoperational staged. Children who are between the ages 2 years old and 7 years old are included in the preoperational classification and are believed to have already developed the capability to communicate, memorize and imagine (Grossniklaus et al., 2011). Children at the preoperational stage are believed to possess egocentric behaviors and are beginning to develop their logical intelligence. Children between 7 to 11 years old are believed to be already self-aware. They now have the ability to reason and determine the consequences of their actions. Piaget classifies this stage of cognitive development a s concrete operational. The last stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, is the formal operational stage (Green Peal, 2010). Under this stage, children are believed to possess the ability to understand and formulate abstract ideas, such as morality, justice and conscience. Piaget’s formal operational stage is critical because it corresponds to the adolescent stage, which encompass children between 11 and 15 years old. It is the stage wherein most children reach the peak of their thought processes. Children, at this stage already have the ability to hypothesize. As observed by one scholar, formal operational thinkers are able to â€Å"construct hypothesis to account for a particular phenomena, deduce from these hypothesis that certain events should occur, and test the hypothesis by finding out if the events do occur† (Day, 1981, p. 45). Formal thinkers also begin to understand abstract ideas, such as love, faith, morality and spirituality (Grossniklaus et al., 2011). Some scholars associate the cognitive development of adolescence to the physical changes that occurs in the brain (Steinberg, 2005, p. 70). Because of this heightened ability to think for themselves, many adolescents become self-conscious. They tend to think that all eyes are on them and that they are the focus of other people’s attention, which accounts for awkwardness, especially in public. Adolescents also tend to think that their experiences are unique and that no one understands them. Psychosocial Development in Adolescence An adolescent’s psychological and social development is influenced by many converging factors, which includes their cognitive and emotional experiences. These experiences shape their behavior towards their family, peers and in public. According to Stanley Hall, a renowned American psychologist, individuals under the adolescent stage experience psychological and emotional turmoil, which he refers as ‘storm and stress’ (Arnett, 1999, p. 317). For Hall, this psychological and emotional turbulence accounts for the observed behavioral problems, such as mood swings, irrationality and impulsiveness. Scholars have also observed five major concerns that shape the psychosocial development of adolescents. Accordingly, adolescents are concerned about establishing their own identity; establishing their autonomy; establishing intimacy; concerns about their own sexuality; and concerns about their achievements (Ruffin, 2009, p. 4). It is quite common, for instance, for adolescen ts to experience confusion regarding their personality, primarily because of the many changes that occurs in their physical, mental and emotional state. Some adolescents, even exhibit delinquent behaviors; engaging in risk taking activities. Others, on the other hand, could not get along well with their parents; possessing a mindset that their parents could not understand their emotions. As a result, most adolescents spend more time with their friends as compared to the time they spend at home with their parents. Some get involved in drugs and substance abuse along with their peers. For Hall, such anti-social behaviors are associated with the emotional stress that occurs during adolescence, which eventually subsides as the individual matures (Arnett, 1999, p. 317). The turbulent psychosocial stage that adolescents go through should not be ignored. It is during the adolescence stage, for instance, when most individuals start to get involved with gangs, crime and drugs. Others struggle with anxiety and depression to the point that they would attempt to end their lives. The risk of suicide among adolescents is high. Studies in the United States, for instance, have observed that suicide is the leading cause of death for most young people between the ages 15 to 25 years old (Blum Qureshi, 2011). More than ever, adolescence is the stage wherein the child needs the emotional and moral support of their parents. Consistent with the social disorganization theory, the breakdown of social institutions, particularly the family, could impact the psychological and social development of children (Kubrin, 2009, p. 226). Failed parenting, divorce and dysfunctional families, for instance, are seen as the common grounds of delinquency among adolescents. Support g roups and social institutions, such as the school and the community, can also provide a nurturing effect on the development of individuals in this tumultuous period. The breakdown or failure of these institutions to provide the necessary intervention could also influence the psychosocial development of adolescents.

Essay on Wonderment and Awe the Way of the Kami - 4711 Words

Wonderment and Awe: the Way of the Kami When watching the fantastic anime (animation) of Japanese director Hayao Miyazaki, it soon becomes apparent that he has infused his richly detailed worlds with an animistic world-view that references ancient Japanese beliefs, practices and myths. His films describe an intriguing mixture of earthy spirituality particularly drawn from the Shinto tradition. Shinto is less a religion than a way of life – a pantheistic and animistic faith that believes that every object possesses a spirit, and encourages nature worship, folk beliefs, ancient deities and rituals. It has no dogma or moral doctrine, except for four general tenets: worshipping and honouring the kami; love of nature; tradition and the†¦show more content†¦The framework of ‘the Ancient Way’, as developed by 18th century scholar Moto-ori Norinaga, offers the clearest codification of the earliest form of Shinto and this is where Miyazaki’s sympathies appear to lie. Through extensive studies of the Kojiki during the 1750s – a book that could be described as the ‘bible’ of Shinto – Norinaga describes the humble and non-intellectual ideas in this pre-modern faith. As opposed to the other spiritual ‘Ways’ such as Buddhism (‘the way of the Buddha’) and Confucianism (‘the way of Confucius’), Norinaga translated Shinto’s way (‘the way of the kami’) as just an ordinary path (Matsumoto 1970:76). This distinction of ordinariness and its non-dogmatic quality is particularly important as there are serious political and historical implications in the study of Shinto. However, in reading the symbolism and narrative of the Miyazaki’s films, it seems that he is attempting to move away from the contemporary sense of Shinto and its associated political discourse, and is instead seeking to redefine and recapture the ancient form of Shinto via a kind of visual cinematic practice. Honouring the Kami In ancient Japan, naturally occurring phenomena that were particularly awe-inspiring were given the title of kami, or gods, and were sometimes thought to possess the power of speech. Around the time these beliefs arose, during the early Jomon period (10,000 BC – 300 BC), it was believed that respect

Analysis On Key Value Stores Essay - 2507 Words

Analysis on Key-Value Stores Introduction We have come into the era of Big Data. As (Atikoglu, Xu, Frachtenberg, Jiang, Paleczny, 2012) stated, the need for efficiently storing large-scale data in scale-out companies at lower cost is dramatically increasing. Therefore Key-Value Store has occurred in popularity. (Fitzpatrick, 2004) has clarified that KV stores plays an essential role in lots of huge websites such as Facebook, Twitter, GitHub and Amazon. This paper reviewed 6 popular key-value stores and distinguished primary features, performance and availability of each. The six systems are Hyperdex, Dynamo, SILT, Project-Voldemort used by LinkedIn, Berkeley DB and LevelDB used by Google. A key-value store database has a set of keys and values, and each value is associated with a key. The implementation of key-value store database is actually a distributed hash table (Stonebraker, 04/2010). Key-Value Stores(KV), which are normally known as a model of NoSQL databases, are widely deployed for data operation and management in purpose of enhancing Internet services due to better scalability, higher efficiency and more availability than existing relational databases systems (Wang, et al., 2014). Because KV stores sacrifice relation model in exchange for fast writing, and they are often featured with simple methods like â€Å"put()†,†delete()† and â€Å"get()†. LevelDB LevelDB is a very lightweight, simple key-value store with limited operational abilities. LevelDB will store data inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Wal-Mart Analysis1677 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary From its modest beginnings when Sam Walton opened the first Ben Franklin store in 1945 in Newport, Arkansas, Wal-Mart has become the leader in the discount department store industry. 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Pride And Prejudice Love And Money In Holy Matrimony .

Pride and Prejudice: Love and Money in Holy Matrimony Imagine a present day society where young women were only encouraged to seek a husband for their financial purposes and to gain a reputable status in the social class system. Today, who can fathom a happy marriage between two individuals without love? Well, that’s exactly what was expected in the life of the middle class families during the early nineteenth century, like the Bennet’s daughters in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice. The novel revolves around the lives of the English family named the Bennets who, like the rest of their society, pressures their daughters to find a wealthy, respected man for a husband. The wedlock of Charlotte and Mr. Collins portrays only that of a†¦show more content†¦Collins’s proposal, she questions Charlotte’s judgement. Charlotte responds saying, â€Å"I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of h appiness with him is as fair as most people can boast on entering the marriage state† (123). This shows that most young women in Austen’s society would marry any rich, honorable man like Mr. Collins regardless of their actual feelings towards them. There’s no true love in the marriage of Charlotte and Mr. Collins instead Charlotte ends up sacrificing her dignity and acting solely to her husband’s will. She became a Mrs. Collins, nothing else. The companionate marriage between Charlotte and Mr. Collins is one strictly for the sake of money and therefore, lacks love. However, there’s another couple within the society that abides by society’s social class. 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Legal Risk Management for Flagg Miter †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Legal Risk Management for Flagg Miter? Answer: Introduction The construction industry is one of the complex industries in the world and able to involve wide risks which must be solved to achieve proper execution (National Research Council (U.S.), 2009). The Faggs Mitre 10 project has been able to experience those risks and the professional who were executing the project had to deal with the challenges and resolve them. According to Osipova Apleberger, (2007) there is no single project in the industry which does not bear risks during the execution process. The risks are able to begin from the single step when the different stakeholder come together with the decision of execution g the project. The risk management is a key element which is used to resolve these key risks which happen in the construction industry. The Faggs Mitre 10 project involves some key activities where were able to exhibit the existence of the risks. The project demolition of the different parts is a clear indication of the challenges and risks which the construction indu stry is able to exhibit during the construction phase. In addition, the risks do not only occurs during the construction phase but also the pre-construction phase which has the planning activities. In order to enhance the success of the project, different personnel have to be in charge of resolving these challenges. In the Faggs Mitre 10 project, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is the client, P. J. OReilly Associates is the main architect and Lyons construction is the contractor in charge of the site. These key personnel are able to experience and resolve these risks in the both two phase of the project. They are responsible of identifying the risks and mitigating their effects to ensure continued progress of the work to timely completion. Generally, the increase of the risks in the construction industry has been able to raise the increased demand of the risk management in construction. The uncertainty in the construction site is one of the major element which is able to lead to the increased ri sks (Smith, Merna and Jobling, 2006). This paper will analyze the different risks which are associated with the pre-construction phase and the construction phase in the Faggs Mitre 10 project. The paper will also look at the different ways which the personnel in this project have been able to work out in order to resolve these risks. Pre-construction phase risks Design changes risks The design changes before the construction of the project is one of the key risks which the projects such as Faggs Mitre 10 project is able to experience during the pre-construction phase. The client, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd may decide to alter the designs in order to suit the different purpose. The aesthetics at different levels may force Fagg Bros Pty Ltd to change the design and ensure that they are appealing (Wu, 2011). The changes mean that the different parties will be able to get back to the drawing board and update the different changes (Bunni, 2011). This means that the architect, P. J. OReilly Associate is able to enhance the drawings. The risks are able to change the progress of the planning activities on the pre-construction phase. In addition, Fagg, Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associates are able to cooperate in order to bring out the risk and enhance the project planning (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). A planning meeting will therefore be called between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P . J. O'Reilly Associates in order to bring on board the new designs in to effect. The client will be able to address P. J. O'Reilly Associates on the new changes and what need to in cooperate in the designs. The Faggs Mitre 10 is a project which did change to large warehouse and this means that the designs were able to change according to the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd requirements. Improper communication risk Another key risk which project is able to experience during the pre-construction phase is the lack of proper communication. This can lead to the update of wrong information for the different parties during the planning stages. This can be able to stall the projects for long before they are able to kick off (Zou, Sunindijo, 2015). Different stakeholders who are involved in the pre-construction phase may be reluctant to share the information they have and therefore lead to high risk of delaying the commencement of the project (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). One of the key individual who may hold important information which may stall the planning of this project s P. J. O'Reilly Associates. The architect, P. J. O'Reilly Associates has the key information, which has to be used in the planning, and therefore holding information use to different problems may stall the pre-construction phase. The client, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is the main personnel who can be there in order to resolve this risk. Sin ce Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to hire all these personell, he can therefore be able to resolve the risk. The client can therefore be able to represent the different information concerning the held information and authorize the resolution of the problem (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (FIRM), 2005). Dialogue between the different parties with the client overseeing the process and facilitating the release of the information will be able to resolve the risk. Design variation risk In addition, another key risk at this phase is the design variation on what need to be done and the materials to be used which the client usually does (Edwards, 2009). Fagg Bros Pty Ltd can change the different aspects and require the in cooperation of the instruction in the drawing at different times during the pre-construction phase. These changes can be critical in affecting the progress of the construction and planning (Ludhra, 2015). For instance, the client may require some extension of the building in order to accommodate more facilities. Nevertheless, the boundaries of the Feggs Mitre 10 project may be challenging due to the existing amenities such as the road network. This means that the different instruction for changes have to be considered from the professional point of view and their effects without agreeing to in cooperate them. P. J. O'Reilly Associates will be the key professional to enhance the solving of such risks and explaining their effects to Fagg bros Pty Ltd. P. J. O'Reilly Associates has to look at the different variations and the way they will be able to affect the different aspects of the building and the construction industry. In addition, P. J. O'Reilly Associates has to look from the legal perspective the effects of any in cooperation of the variation and the way they affect others (Canada Mortgage And Housing Corporation, Marsh (Firm), 2005). Dialogue and meeting between Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and P. J. O'Reilly Associates will be the best dispute resolution means to be used in order to resolve the risk. Construction phase risks Economic variation risk The construction phase is the key phase, which has a lot of activities in the construction industry. The phase is able to carry more risks due to the in cooperation of many stakeholders and different activities. Economic factors are able to change within the progress of the construction phase (Smith, Merna Jobling, 2014). The construction phase in many cases is able to run for year in which changes in economic factors happen. During this time, the estimated cost of the project will be able to change according to the available changes. In order to in cooperate these variation, the cost of the Faggs Mitre 10 redevelopment project is given an range of between $5 million and $10 million. The cost variation is able to affect the contractor highly. This means for this project, Lyons construction will be able to be affected by the changes in the economic condition. Therefore in the tendering process, Lyons construction should be able to estimate these variation and therefore in cooperate t hem in the tender sum. Therefore, Lyons construction will be the best party to resolve this risk and enhance the construction process. In addition, if Lyons construction was unable to include these variations on the initial stages, he will be able to contact the client, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd concerning the increase and request for the valuation and financing of the additional cost. Dialogue with the different parties can therefore be the best dispute resolution measure which can be used to resolve the risk. Available amenities hindrance risk Moreover, another key risk in the construction phase is the hindrance from the available amenities to enhance the construction (Hughes Ferrett, 2016). The Faggs Mitre 10 project is located where other amenities are available. The road and the car park are key areas which the construction of the project should not interfere with during the construction phase. This means the construction site may be stopped whenever it is found to interfere with some of these social amenities. The progress of the construction must make sure that these amenities are operational. Due to the close proximity, the execution of the project may be a challenge and this risk must be resolved while these facilities are operating efficiently. In relation to this risk, P. J. O'Reilly Associates is the best party to help resolve this problem. The P. J. O'Reilly Associates can help to come up with the best option which can ensure that this project is executed without the interference of their operation. In additi on, the client Fagg Bros Pty Ltd will be able to hold meeting with P. J. O'Reilly Associates to look at the way forward and ensure that the construction of this project does not interfere with the amenities operation. Project completion delay risk Another key risk which is found on the construction stage is the delay in the completion of the project. The delay in the completion of this phase maybe cause by different factors including the delay on payment by the client (Winch, 2010). The client must be able to honor the payment at different stages to ensure that Lyons construction continues with the execution of the works. If the delay on payment occurs P. J. O'Reilly Associates may act as an intermediary to ensure the Fagg Bros Pty Ltd is able to pay up and ensure continued execution of the project. Moreover, the best way to resolve the delays in execution is through holding meeting between P. J. O'Reilly Associates, Fagg Bros Pty Ltd and Lyons construction in order to reschedule. This will depend on the different factors which has been able to affect the execution. Conclusion In conclusion, the different risks are able to interfere with the proper execution of construction projects. Fagg Bros Pty Ltd, P. J. O'Reilly Associates and Lyons construction are the key parties who are able to resolve these risks at the pre-construction and construction phases of the construction industry. Resolving these risks is able to give a go ahead to ensure that the Faggs Mitre 10 project is executed well and up to standards. References BUNNI, N. G. (2011). Risk and insurance in construction. London, Spon Press. BURTONSHAW-GUNN, S. A. (2017). Risk and Financial Management in Construction. https://lib.myilibrary.com?id=997116. CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION, MARSH (FIRM). (2005). Variability in construction insurance and alternative insurance solutions. [Ottawa, Ont.], Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. https://www.deslibris.ca/ID/250380. EDWARDS, L. (2009). Practical risk management in the construction industry. London, Thomas Telford Ltd. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (U.S.). (2009). Construction research at NIOSH: reviews of research programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3378465. OSIPOVA, E. APLEBERGER, L. (2007), Risk management in different forms of contract and collaboration - case of Sweden. CIB World Building Congress 2007. 14-18 May 2007, Cape Town SMITH, N. J., MERNA, T., JOBLING, P. (2014). Managing risk in construction projects. Smith, N.J., Merna, T. And Jobling, P. (2006): Managing risk in construction projects. Blackwell, Oxford. THIENEN, G. V. (2007). Hazards, risks and preventive measures in the construction industry. Amsterdam, Arbouw. WINCH, G.M. (2010): Managing Construction Projects. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester. WU, D. D. (2011). Modeling risk management in sustainable construction. Berlin, Springer. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=646508. ZOU, P., SUNINDIJO, R. Y. (2015). Strategic safety management in construction and engineering. https://site.ebrary.com/id/11041428.

Behavior of Internal Stakeholders in Project Portfolio Management

Question: Discuss about the Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management? Answer: Introduction: It becomes very easy to convince and get involved with the communities in different ways through the use of festivals. It is also one of the easiest methods to increase marketing. There are different modes, through which the people can earn during festival like event management, selling of the products, transport system etc. This project is about Liverpool music festival that is going to be organized in England. In this project the researcher is going to write about different planning, processes and methods that can be used in making the project successful. Different marketing strategies can be planned before the festival to increase the marketing. In this project the researcher has discussed about project plan, Gantt chart, stages of LMF, budget of LMF, stakeholder analysis, risk analysis, advantages and disadvantages of the LMF project, Profits involved in organizing the event. Project plan: It is necessary to plan the commencement in LMF before the starting of the event. Everything should be planned earlier. The project managers have to decide earlier about the size, type and duration of the program for LMF. The main thing that should be focused is feasibility study .After the feasibility study LMF team can decide about the date, venue and the money required for organizing their event (Beringer 2013). The main points that should be focused are planning, marketing, location of the venues, money required for the project. In this project the project manager is going to plan for music festival in Liverpool. A project includes a group of people that work together to achieve a certain objective. The factors of the project management are time, cost, scope and performance. The success in the project can only be achieved by proper planning, otherwise it will fail. While planning for the project the project manager can easily check about each stage of the project and can identify the issues of every part (Kock 2013). It will help to them to plan according to the project as it is clearly known that for making a good project it is necessary to do it with a proper planning. In any small project the project manager can use a single plan to make the whole project but in large project there is high chances of issue so it is necessary to plan them by diving them into stages .It will also make their work easier and successful. There are different techniques for planning the project like Gantt charts, Structure of each part of the work, Cost involved in each part of the work. Gantt charts The starting phase of the project will help the project manager to do the feasibility study through which the project manager will decide what materials are required in the construction of the project. So that they can include several methods in their project to make it successful, in both the stages either starting and delivery stages. There are many methods that can be used to make the project successful. Like case of the project, Gantt chart, plan of the project, investment etc. In this project the manager is going to use Gantt chart technique to explain their project (Verzuh 2015). The main purpose of using Gantt chart is to create a bar graph to show the process in which the project is arranged according to the stages. It will help in explaining the process that will be used in the project. It will help the project manager to control the whole project. Each block of the Gantt chart will explain about the process of each stage and their time in which they are going to be implemen ted (Walker 2015). It will be considered as a best tool because it will help in keeping the record of every process, controlling the whole business process, to check each and every task of a project. This Gantt chart method can be used in many large projects as it will help in identifying many important elements that will show the time of process of each task and will also help in checking each task individually by sequencing the task according to the events. It will help in finishing the project perfectly and on time. In Appendix 5, it is clearly shown that Gantt chart is indicating some path in red colour .It shows that the project is not completed or the project is failed which means that it is necessary to complete that work. There are six stages in which the LMF project plans are divided. The six stages are planning, designing, financial budgeting, marketing, testing and delivery of the products. In every stage of the Gant chart there are different tasks that need to be completed according to the given time. In the table the first two stages and the last stage is considered as the set of 4-D. The other stages are explained in the table. LMF and their reasons Stages Reasons Planning It is the first stage that should be considered is planning .It is the main process through which the whole project can be controlled. The project can be delivered on time and according to the decided cost and proper quality with the help of proper planning. It is process to control Manage, and add new ideas in the project. It will become easy to work with the project after proper planning (Gemnden 2014) Through proper planning it will become easy to check the issues that may arise in the project and it can be solve within the time. There are seven task that is included in the planning process 1. Make a budget of the project, set the time within which the project needs to be completed. 2. Create planning for the applications that needs to be added in the project. 3. Select the team members to make the project team. 4. Make the contract with the sponsors to get financial support Designing, financial budgeting and location for the project It is necessary to set the design before starting the project. After planning for the design the project manager can decide how much cost is required to make a project. The budget is also dependent on the location because different locations have different cost (Teller 2014). The cost of the location is dependent upon the facilities that are available there like the design of the location, light, sound, garden etc. Here in this project the project manager has selected Sefton park in Liverpool city as the location for their project. Sefton park has various features like it organize concerts, symphonies, festivals, fairs and many events. It also gives permission to organize several annual events, special events. Marketing and delivery Marketing strategy is one of the methods to increase the demand and profit. To increase the marketing, people should be informed about the festival and the events. In this way marketing can be increased. It is necessary to fix the location first so that problems will not arise later. Stages of LMF Table 3- Stages that take a place for the LMF within Gantt Charts Before starting any project it is necessary to take the legal permission from the government. Permission before planning of the project will make the project strong and the project manager can proceed with the project without any disturbance and problems. To organize Liverpool international music festival in Sefton Park it is necessary to follow different rules. It is necessary to take the permission for closing the roads for inauguration function. Liverpool International Music Festival in Sefton Park should observe rules and road closures through to running orders for the inaugural event. The are several companies that provides security in the events .Here for LMF event the project manager can choose Safety advisory group that will help them in planning safety measures (Schwalbe 2015). They will provide different safety measures and advice that can be used while planning for LMF event. It takes all about seven weeks to decide for the event .Therefore it is suggested to start this safety planning earlier in order to save the time. It will take all about 100 days according to the Gantt chart to plan for any event so it is suggested to plan for the safety measures first in order to save the time. It will take all about two weeks to search for the location for organizing LMF event. Most of the time gets spend in finding the location for the event because location is the main factor which will make the event successful. It is necessary to check the stage, parking areas, transportation facility available in that area, location of the area, their surrounding etc. These factors are important because it will attract the customers and guests. It is necessary to check the parking areas, traffic conditions so that proper planning can be made to control the crowd. Events entry gate and exit gate can be prepared in this way that will not affect the traffic of the road beside the event venue (Rangarajan 2013) It is necessary to make many gates for entry and exit. It should be planned properly so that the guests and people will not face any problem while entering and exit from the venue location. Even if the number of the people will increase there, they will not face any kind of problem. There should be some emergency gate for the handicapped people. It will help in reducing the risk. Therefore it is necessary to make the Gantt chart 100 days earlier in order to reduce the risk. It is also necessary to plan for the health and safety according to the Health and safety at work ACT (1974). It will help to tackle any kind of dangerous situation. During the construction of the stage if any worker will get harm they can be immediately taken to the hospital by health and safety team. Therefore every planning for safety should be done in the beginning and should be maintained since from the beginning of the stage construction to the completion of the spot preparation. The delivery stage will take long time for completion according to the Gantt chart. The Gantt chart will show all the stages of every task since from the starting to till end. They will also show the time in which each task will be completed. In the marketing stage, if the organizers want to increase their marketing of LMF they have to follow the market strategy accordingly. They can publicize about their events in television, radio, newspaper etc to increase more and more customers. LMF Budget: The examples of some cultural festival budget are as follows: In 2012-2013 classic music festival budget Expenses= =140,300 income=150,000. Stamp music festival budget- 900,000. The Project manager examined that the budget of LMF will be around 500,000 (Phillips 2013) Stakeholder In this part the project manager will decide about the Stakeholder of LMF event, they will do the complete analysis of the stakeholder. After that they will discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of the stake holder. According to the analysis the meaning of the stakeholder is any person, group or any organization that will be affected positively or negatively by any issue or goal. The analysis of the stakeholder will define all the features of the stakeholder, with the help of stakeholder analysis the project manager can easily check their requirements and they can create the project accordingly (Olson 2014).The stakeholder can change their decision according to their choice at any time. Stakeholder analysis will help the project manager to manage the situation at any time. Stakeholder analysis will increase the satisfaction of the people because it will help to satisfy the stakeholder to according to their whole process of planning, and it will decrease the risk of the failure of the event. There are many advantages and disadvantages of stakeholder analysis as shown in the table below Advantages Disadvantages 1/ It will save the resources that are required to take the decision of the LMF. 2/It will provide different information and ideas through which the project manager can take different decisions. 3/ It will help in obtaining different resources and funds 1/ To involve any stakeholder in any project is very difficult as it requires more time. 2/ Stakeholder focus on the benefits that they are going to earn from the event they dont focus on the benefits of the festivals In LMF there are two types of stakeholder one is primary and another one is secondary. Sponsors, employees, participants are the parts of primary stakeholder (Hill 2013). Tourists, government, advertising community are the parts of the secondary stakeholder. There are different types of stakeholder in LMF and they have different features and demands. The main stakeholder of LMF is Liverpool city council. They help in providing many benefits to the LMF event. Both the LMF and Liverpool city council can get benefit from each other. Profits of Liverpool city council and LMF Liverpool City Council can provide for LMF Benefits of LMF for Liverpool city and Liverpool City Council 1/ It will provide security to the LMF event. 2/ It will provide better design , proper security, safe delivery to the event of LMF 3/ It will help in organising the events outside. 4/It will provide many business opportunity and services 5/It will help in providing many new jobs. 6/ It will help in growing the business and providing many benefits from the private companies 7/ It will help in advertisement. 1/ It will increase the value of the Liverpool 2/It will in increasing the marketing by attracting more and more peoples. 3/ It will help in increasing the business by increasing the market partners. 4/ It will attract more and more foreign companies. Stakeholder analysis Stake holder analysis is a defined as a method that provides different facilities and process to the organization to organize many events. It also helps in proving money for organizing the event. It also helps in recognizing the choice of the organization and other people. It helps in managing LMF Category and implications Stakeholders Why such stakeholders have been categorised as A, B, C or D A: High importance, low importance Press/media They are not the main stakeholder but they affect the organizations in many ways. Many times it causes delay in the event so it is the necessary to check them throughout the project. B: High influence, high importance. Process to make relationship with the stakeholder Liverpool City Council Project Sponsor These stakeholders are the main stakeholder. The whole project is mainly dependent upon these stakeholders (Sampson 2014). It is necessary to deal with them properly to get success in the project. Every decision related to the project depends upon the decision of these stakeholders. C: Less important Small suppliers These stakeholders are not very important as it doesnt affect much on the project (Heagney 2012). If one supplier will increase the price of their product or services, the company can find another supplier for the project. D: High importance, low influence. Members of health and safety department These stakeholders are not very important. They dont have that much power to change the decision of the project. These stakeholders provide support to the workers by providing those services and support to the workers. They will only help but they are not involved in any decision of the project. Categories of LMF stakeholder are shown in the table below Table 1- project stakeholders Categories There are many advantages of using these processes for stakeholder but it has many limitations also. After observing the advantages and disadvantages of the categories of the stakeholder the project manager can decide about their selection categories. Advantage Disadvantage It will provide the knowledge and process of choosing the good stakeholder It will provide the method to deal with the major stakeholders It will reduce the problems and issues. It will provide the details of different types of stakeholders. It also provides details about the problems that may arise due to them and their solutions. It will help in planning about the process and benefits that can be obtained from each and every stakeholder. Stakeholders are not the head organizers so their decision sometimes may cause problems Project manager should be aware not to give high importance to the decision of the stakeholder It doesnt mean to ignore the decision of the stakeholder It provides the process to handle In fact, it just gives one an image how to cope with different stakeholders. If only done with the matrix, important information which can be valuable later on can be forgotten. Examples of LMF stakeholders with explanations LMF Stakeholders Explanation Liverpool sponsor Through this programme LMF can organize many new musical events through which they can give chance to the artists to perform in the function. Competitors There will be many tuff competitors for LMF. Many music competitions are Organised around the Liverpool that can attract the audience towards them So it will become tuff competitions to gain more and more audience towards LMF (Meng 2012). Health and safety officer Health and safety measures are important part of the event. All the safety measures should be followed properly. It is necessary for the project manager to check and set the plans for health and safety measures in every week to avoid the risk and danger from the project. Press/ media Press and media also play a vital role in project management it will help in making a good relationship between the stakeholder and project management. Communication through telephone, email etc are the parts of press and media. Through press and media the project manger can publicize about their events in television and radio (Gido 2014). In this way they can attract more and more customers and can profits. This process can also decrease the marketing, if any default will occur in the program, it will easily circulate among people through media. The main method for getting success in the project is to make better communication with all the stakeholders. The support of the entire stakeholder is the only method to make the project successful. Proper planning should be made with the stakeholders to make the project successful. Risk Analysis Risk analysis is the most critical factor in any project. Risk can arise at any time without any information. So it is very necessary to handle the risk whether it is related to time, cost and quality otherwise it may become the cause of failure of the project. The main responsibility of the project risk management is to check the risk or the chances of the risk and to think how the risk can be reduced or how it can be completely removed. Generally risk occurs in the term of cost and money. Therefore it is necessary to check the risk in the project so that it can be minimized before sending it to the customers (Schumann 2014). The chances of the risk in each project should be identified and it is necessary to check the reason behind the risk so that it can be controlled earlier. To know about the risk and to control it, it is necessary to plan about the risk before the beginning of the project. A risk analysis is a systematic method to control the hazard and the analysis can be done by checking the features of the venue, audience, technical machines etc. This risk analysis will include the methods of identification of risk and the processes that can be used to control these. It will reduce the risk and make it successful. LMF risk rating Figure 2: Risk rating (Source: Kerzner 2013) The above risk analysis table is showing the rate of the risk involved in the project on different stages. The risk occurrence rate is low here but it is necessary to correct it otherwise it can highly effect on the project. The project manager has to be prepared for every kind of risk. Another kind of risk is commercial risk that is very common, it happens during ticket sale. The second risk that can arise is overcrowding, it is very dangerous kind of risk. The layout of the venue and proper seating arrangement should be prepared to avoid the risk the risk of overcrowding. The project manager has chosen sefton park to handle the over crowd. Reasons for other categories of risk Risk Why it is possible to occur Risk score Recession (visitors and tourists) During the recession period many tourists gets decreased. It also affect on the marketing of the event. This kind of risk is high category risk. The risk that arises in the recession period can be controlled by making several methods for controlling the risk. Destruction Of LMF event due to riot or theft. Riots and theft may happen at any moment. It is also dangerous because it is the cause in which the whole project will be destroyed. It can cause many injuries, loss of life and many other issues. There is very low chance of arising of this risk. It may arise or may not. Therefore the score of this kind of risk is low Planning permission rejected. This risk has low possibility. The project of LMF is prepared with successful planning strategies so there is less possibility for its rejection. This planning is supported by the England government. LMF can be permitted because it has many advantages as it provides job opportunity to many people. This kind of risk has low rate. Due to the proper planning of the LMF project the chances of its rejection is very low. Flooding This is a kind of external risk. Flood may arise because the site of LMF is located beside the river. This kind of risk is not high. Different processes can be used to control the flood Table- Reasons for mentioning certain risks within the LMF risk analysis in Appendix 2. The risk rating diagram has showed different methods to manage the risk. There are five objectives that can be drawn from the above risks: ignore the risk, Accept the risk, Reduce the risk, Distribute the risk and transfer of the risk. Reference Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. 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